PPRA and the No Child Left Behind Amendments
The PPRA (1978) amended FERPA to protect parents of minors over surveys collecting sensitive information and applies only to K-12 schools, not colleges. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 broadened it, adding policies, parental inspection, advance notice, and an opt-out for commercial-purpose data.
How this supports CIPP/US study
Use this lesson to separate sectoral scope, data type and regulated entity before testing an exception. Continue with the CIPP/US practice exam.
PPRA requirements apply to all K-12 schools that receive federal funding - the statute does not apply to colleges and universities. This is a key contrast with FERPA, which covers both.
PPRA gives parents of minors rights over surveys collecting sensitive information, including: political affiliations; mental and psychological problems; sex behavior and attitudes; illegal, antisocial, self-incriminating, or demeaning behavior; critical appraisals of close family members; legally privileged relationships (lawyers, physicians, ministers); religious practices or beliefs; and income (other than that required to determine program eligibility).
- Enact policies on collecting, disclosing, or using student personal information for commercial purposes
- Allow parents to access and inspect surveys and commercial instruments before they are administered
- Provide advance notice of the approximate dates of these activities
- Provide parents the right to opt out of surveys or other sharing of student information for commercial purposes
Key terms - quick answers
What is “PPRA”?
What is “No Child Left Behind Act”?
Sources and study method
This independent lesson uses active recall, spaced retrieval and scenario practice. Read the full study method.